Skip to content

Best Iron Supplements of 2026

Elisa Drew Avatar
Elisa Drew

Last Updated:

Save
Share

* We independently evaluate all recommended products and services. If you click on links we provide, we may receive compensation.

Iron supplements are a popular form of dietary supplements that provide the body with additional iron. These supplements come in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and liquid. Iron is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in the body's production of hemoglobin, which is responsible for transporting oxygen to the body's tissues. People who are at risk of iron deficiency or have been diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia may benefit from taking iron supplements. It is important to follow the recommended dosage and consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen.

At a Glance: Our Top Picks

Top 10 Iron Supplements

Amazon Elements Iron Supplement Capsules

  • Amazon Elements
  • TRBO1-20JN20864
Amazon Elements Iron Supplement Capsules Cover

Amazon Elements Iron 18mg Capsules, Supports Red Blood Cell Production, Vegan, 195 Count, 6 month supply (Packaging may vary)

The Amazon Elements Iron Supplement Capsules are vegan, gluten-free, and have no artificial colors, flavors or chemical preservatives. It supports energy and red blood cell production, with 195 capsules in each pack that can last for 6 months. Made in a GMP facility in the USA, it is Alexa voice shopping enabled, and comes with a satisfaction guarantee. The product is thoroughly tested for quality and safety, and is suitable for those who are looking for a high-quality iron supplement.

9.8
FTB Score

What We Like

  • Effective iron level maintenance
  • No stomach irritation
  • Vegan-friendly formulation
  • Good bioavailability
  • Reasonable price

What We Don't Like

  • Mild aftertaste

What Customers Say

"After being diagnosed with anemia following surgery, I started taking these iron capsules as instructed by my hematologist. My bloodwork now consistently shows normal iron levels, and I haven’t experienced any stomach irritation—something I’ve dealt with using other iron supplements. The price point is fair, and the reliable lab results give me confidence in this product."

"As a regular blood donor, I rely on Amazon Elements Iron 18mg Capsules to keep my iron up so I can donate frequently. I love that they're vegan, easy to absorb, and gentle on my system. Plus, the bulk pack is really convenient for my routine. These capsules have really improved my ability to give back without sacrificing my own health."

"The only downside for me has been a slight aftertaste if I burp after taking a capsule. However, I haven't had any constipation issues like with other iron pills, so this minor inconvenience is worth it."

#TOP 2

Thorne Iron Bisglycinate Capsules - 25mg

  • THORNE
  • M226
  • Original Version
Thorne Iron Bisglycinate Capsules - 25mg Cover

THORNE - Iron Bisglycinate - 25 mg Iron Supplement for Enhanced Absorption Without Gastrointestinal Side Effects* - NSF Certified for Sport - Gluten-Free - 60 Servings

Thorne Iron Bisglycinate Capsules provide 25mg elemental iron in a non-constipating form that is well-absorbed by the body. It helps fight fatigue and other signs of iron deficiency such as weakness, dizziness, and irritability. The mineral is essential for the formation of new red blood cells, and it is certified for sport, making it ideal for high-performance nutrition programs.

9.7
FTB Score

What We Like

  • Gentle on stomach
  • No unpleasant aftertaste
  • Improved energy levels
  • Easy to swallow capsules
  • High absorption rate

What We Don't Like

  • Higher price than average
  • Lower dosage for severe deficiency

What Customers Say

"I've always struggled with iron supplements because of stomach upset and metallic taste, but this one is completely different. It's super gentle, easy to take, and I notice more energy and focus throughout my day. The clean ingredients are a big plus too. I would highly recommend it to anyone looking for a supplement that actually works without the usual digestive issues."

"After years of dealing with iron deficiency and terrible side effects from traditional supplements, I tried THORNE's Iron Bisglycinate and it has been a game-changer. The chelated bisglycinate form is much gentler, with no nausea or constipation, and my blood work shows steady improvement. Even though it's a bit pricier, the quality and absorption are worth it. I feel more energetic and trust the brand's reputation for purity."

"I had severe anemia and couldn't tolerate the high-dose 65mg iron pills recommended by my doctor due to persistent stomach problems. After my own research, I chose this product and it's been a huge relief—most of my symptoms have disappeared or improved. While the 25mg dose isn't quite enough for my needs, taking two pills daily is helping, and side effects are minimal. I really appreciate how this supplement is well-tolerated and effective."

Nature’s Bounty Iron Supplement, 100 Tablets

Nature’s Bounty Iron Supplement, 100 Tablets Cover

Nature’s Bounty Iron 65mg, 325 mg Ferrous Sulfate, Cellular Energy Support, Promotes Normal Red Blood Cell Production, 1 Serving Per Day, Gluten Free, 100 Vegetarian Tablets

Nature's Bounty Iron is a necessary component of hemoglobin, promotes normal red blood cell production, and supports energy utilization, making you feel your best. It is often recommended as a mineral supplement for women and helps provide your body with the iron it needs for daily functioning. This product is a result of 50 years of dedication to quality, consistency, and scientific research.

9.5
FTB Score

What We Like

  • Improved energy levels
  • Easy to swallow tablets
  • Reasonable price
  • Trusted brand
  • Effective iron dosage

What We Don't Like

  • Mild aftertaste
  • May cause constipation

What Customers Say

"I've been using this iron supplement for several weeks, and my energy and focus have noticeably improved. The tablets are easy to take and don’t upset my stomach. I appreciate that this brand is affordable and offers a generous supply, making it convenient for daily use."

"My doctor recommended Nature’s Bounty Iron, and since starting these, I’ve felt more energetic and less tired. The tablets are small and manageable, and the bottle lasts a long time. I like that there are no artificial flavors or colors. I always take it with food and haven’t had any stomach issues."

"These iron pills are simple to take and coated, so they don’t leave a strong aftertaste. I’ve had no stomach discomfort or nausea, and the clear packaging makes it easy to keep track. For the price, it’s a gentle and reliable supplement that fits easily into my daily routine."

#TOP 4

Slow Fe 45mg Iron Supplement - 60 Count

Slow Fe 45mg Iron Supplement - 60 Count Cover

Slow Fe 45mg Iron Supplement for Iron Deficiency, Slow Release, High Potency, Easy to Swallow Tablets - 60 Count

Slow Fe 45mg Iron Supplement is a high-potency, slow-release iron tablet that is easy to swallow and formulated for daily use. It is a non-constipating iron supplement, designed to reduce digestive side effects. Doctors recommend this product as a treatment for iron deficiency anemia. The special controlled release system delivers iron slowly to your body, causing fewer digestive side effects. Take one tablet every day to increase your iron intake.

9.5
FTB Score

What We Like

  • Gentle on sensitive stomachs
  • Slow-release formulation
  • Improves iron and energy levels
  • Easy to swallow pill
  • Trusted, reliable brand

What We Don't Like

  • Difficult packaging
  • Mild constipation

What Customers Say

"I’ve dealt with low iron and tried several supplements, but this is the only one that doesn’t upset my stomach and actually helps my energy levels. I take it before bed a few nights a week and my cramps are gone. No more feeling cold all the time, either. It works great for me."

"After trying a few iron brands, I can confidently say this is the best. My stomach is very sensitive, but Slow Fe goes down easy with no pain or nausea. I’ve noticed my skin looks healthier and I feel less tired overall. The pill is small with no aftertaste. The only thing I’d change is the packaging—it can be tricky sometimes, but it’s worth it for the results."

"I started using this supplement during my pregnancy as my OB recommended. It kept my blood levels stable and didn’t cause constipation, which was a huge relief. Super easy to take and gentle on my system."

Geritol Liquid Vitamin and Iron Supplement

Geritol Liquid Vitamin and Iron Supplement Cover

Geritol Liquid Vitamin and Iron Supplement, Energy Support, Contains High Potency B-Vitamins and Iron, Pleasant Tasting, Easy to Swallow, No Artificial Sweeteners, Non-GMO, 12 Oz

Geritol Iron Supplement is a trusted brand for over 70 years and is designed for adults and children aged 12 years and older who need energy support. This liquid iron supplement and multivitamin contains high potency B-vitamins B1, B2, and B6, which help with the metabolism process of turning food into fuel. It also contains 100% of your body's daily value of iron, which is necessary to help your blood move oxygen throughout your body. Geritol Liquid is non-GMO, contains no artificial sweeteners, and is easy to take, with a pleasant taste. Simply take 1 tablespoon daily after a meal. With Geritol Iron Supplement, you can replenish your essential vitamins and minerals daily, leaving you feeling energized and ready to tackle your day.

9.3
FTB Score

What We Like

  • Significant energy boost
  • Improves iron levels
  • Helps with fatigue
  • Easy to swallow
  • Supports hair and nail strength

What We Don't Like

  • Unpleasant taste
  • Slow delivery for some

What Customers Say

"After my doctor told me my iron was dangerously low, I started using liquid Geritol. Within a couple of days, my energy shot back up—no more zombie mode, I’m back to exercising and getting things done! The taste is honestly terrible, but for the energy and feeling alive again, it’s a small trade-off. I’m sticking with it and highly recommend it if you’re exhausted from low iron."

"I rely on Geritol for an extra iron boost, especially since traditional iron pills upset my stomach. While the flavor isn’t great, I find it much easier to take than other supplements, and it’s become a go-to when I’m feeling run down. Consistency is easy, and I notice a real difference in my energy."

"Since hitting my 40s and dealing with perimenopausal symptoms, I started using Geritol. It’s now part of my daily routine because it’s made a big difference in my energy levels and tiredness, especially after starting a part-time job. The taste doesn’t bother me much, and I definitely recommend it to other women in my age group."

#TOP 6

Vitron-C High Potency Iron Supplement

Vitron-C High Potency Iron Supplement Cover

Vitron-C Multivitamin Tablet 63736012301 1 Bottle, 60 per Bottle

Vitron-C is a high potency iron supplement that boosts energy by fighting fatigue in users with low iron levels. Its 65mg of elemental iron and 125mg of Vitamin C support a healthy immune system and gentle iron absorption to minimize constipation, using one iron pill daily. It is dye-free, gluten-free, vegan with no artificial colors or flavors.

9.1
FTB Score

What We Like

  • No stomach upset
  • Improved energy levels
  • Easy to swallow
  • Iron and Vitamin C combo
  • No constipation

What We Don't Like

  • Slight aftertaste on burping
  • Elemental iron absorbs slower

What Customers Say

"After struggling with anemia and trying countless iron supplements that made me nauseous or constipated, I finally found relief with Vitron-C. This is the first product that doesn't upset my stomach, and I love that it includes Vitamin C, so I no longer need to take an extra supplement. Since starting it, I've noticed a dramatic improvement in my energy and no more shortness of breath or fatigue. Vitron-C is truly a lifesaver!"

"I've dealt with low iron and fatigue for years, but with Vitron-C, my iron levels went up and my energy came back without any stomach issues. The pills are small, easy to take, and don't cause constipation or a metallic taste. If you have a sensitive stomach, this is the iron supplement to try."

"For years, iron supplements made me sick, but Vitron-C is different. I can take it even on an empty stomach with zero nausea or vomiting, and my fatigue and brain fog have improved a lot. It's easy to fit into my daily routine, and I really appreciate that it doesn't cause the harsh side effects other iron forms did. Highly recommend for anyone with a sensitive stomach."

#TOP 7

Thorne Ferrasorb - Blood-Building Formula - 60 Capsules

Thorne Ferrasorb - Blood-Building Formula - 60 Capsules Cover

THORNE - Advanced Iron Complex (Formerly Ferrasorb) - Complete Blood Support Formula* - Elemental Iron, Folate, B and C Vitamins for Optimal Absorption - Gluten, Dairy & Soy-Free - 60 Servings

Thorne Ferrasorb is an optimal blood-building supplement that provides 36 mg of well-absorbed iron per capsule, combined with essential nutrients such as vitamin C, B6, B12, and folate for optimal absorption. This supplement helps to increase iron levels and alleviate symptoms of iron deficiency, such as fatigue, dizziness, and loss of libido. Thorne Ferrasorb is free from common allergens like gluten, soy, and dairy, and is trusted by over 100 pro teams and 11 U.S. Olympic teams.

9.1
FTB Score

What We Like

  • Easy on stomach
  • No constipation
  • Small capsule size
  • Increases energy levels
  • Effective for iron deficiency

What We Don't Like

  • Occasional broken capsules
  • Rare stomach discomfort

What Customers Say

"After my midwife suggested this product due to low iron levels, I experienced great results without any constipation. It’s been a relief to find something that works so well and is gentle on my system."

"As someone who is usually sensitive to iron supplements, I was impressed by how easy this capsule was on my stomach. I felt more energetic the same day I took it, and there were no side effects or unpleasant aftertaste."

"I’ve tried various iron supplements for anemia, but Thorne stands out. There’s no upset stomach or constipation, the capsule tastes neutral, and I’ve noticed stronger nails and more energy since starting it."

MegaFood Blood Builder Minis - Iron Supplement Vegan - 72 Tabs (36 Servings)

MegaFood Blood Builder Minis - Iron Supplement Vegan - 72 Tabs (36 Servings) Cover

MegaFood Blood Builder Iron Supplement for Women & Men - Increase Iron Levels Without Side Effects - Combats Fatigue - Vitamin B12, Folic Acid & Vitamin C - Vegan - 72 Mini Tablets (36 Servings)

MegaFood Blood Builder Minis is an iron supplement that can increase iron levels in your body without causing nausea or constipation. It delivers 26 mg of iron and includes folic acid and B12 for healthy red blood cell production. The product is safe for menstruating and pregnant women, teenage girls, vegans, and vegetarians. It is crafted using Slo-Food Process and includes Beet Root and Vitamin C delivered with natural oranges to aid absorption. The supplement is non-GMO Project Verified, free of gluten, dairy, and soy, and certified kosher. MegaFood works with trusted farm partners who share their commitment to natural and regenerative agriculture.

9.0
FTB Score

What We Like

  • gentle on stomach
  • improves iron levels
  • no constipation
  • supports energy and recovery
  • easy to swallow

What We Don't Like

  • unpleasant taste
  • effectiveness may vary

What Customers Say

"After switching to this supplement, I've noticed far fewer bruises and my skin recovers much more quickly. It's become an essential part of my routine, and I plan to continue using it."

"I struggled with other iron supplements, but this one is gentle on my stomach and doesn't cause constipation. After a few weeks, I genuinely feel more energetic, and my doctor confirmed my iron levels improved."

"Taking these daily has been life changing—I went from barely able to walk and covered in bruises to feeling significantly better in just two weeks. It’s not hard on my stomach, and as long as I drink extra water, the taste is manageable."

#TOP 9

Floradix Iron & Herbs Vegetarian Liquid Supplement

Floradix Iron & Herbs Vegetarian Liquid Supplement Cover

Floradix Iron & Herbs - Liquid Herbal Supplement for Energy Support - Iron Supplement with Vitamin C & Vitamin B Complex - for Men & Women - 8.5 fl oz

Floradix Iron & Herbs is a liquid iron supplement that provides 10mg of iron with B complex vitamins, rose hip vitamin C, and herbal extracts. It is easy to absorb, non-GMO, vegetarian, lactose-free and kosher. It is an excellent source of energy for both women and men.

8.9
FTB Score

What We Like

  • Increased energy levels
  • Gentle on stomach
  • No constipation
  • Improved hair and skin
  • Easy absorption

What We Don't Like

  • Slightly bitter taste
  • Higher price point

What Customers Say

"I've struggled with anemia for years and typical iron pills upset my stomach and cause constipation. With this liquid supplement, I’ve had no digestive issues, and my doctor even recommended it. Mixing it with juice helps with the flavor, and after a couple of weeks, I started to feel the boost in energy. It’s a little pricey, but it’s completely worth it for the difference it’s made in my daily life."

"Every morning I take this and I can really feel the difference when I skip it. It tastes like juice and is easy to consume, especially with orange juice for an extra boost. The bottle is convenient, and I’ve noticed improvements in my hair and skin. I always keep a few bottles on hand because I don’t want to miss a day."

"I bought this hoping to help with my thin hair and chronic anemia. Since starting, I wake up energized and clear-minded, which has never happened before. My mood is better, and the supplement is gentle if taken on an empty stomach. The taste isn’t the best, but it’s manageable, and my HSA covers it. I highly recommend it for anyone who can’t tolerate iron pills."

#TOP 10

Pure Encapsulations Iron-C Supplement

Pure Encapsulations Iron-C Supplement Cover

Pure Encapsulations Iron-C - 15 mg - 175 mg Vitamin C - Red Blood Cell Support* - Energy Production - Highly Bioavailable Iron Pill - Gluten Free & Vegan - 60 Capsules

Pure Encapsulations Iron-C Supplement is a premium quality iron and vitamin C supplement that supports optimal muscle function, manufacture of myoglobin for muscle contractions, enhanced absorption of iron, and immune support. The product is made with only premium ingredients sourced from trusted suppliers, and it is free from wheat, eggs, tree nuts & peanuts, gluten, GMOs, and unnecessary binders, fillers & preservatives.

8.8
FTB Score

What We Like

  • Gentle on stomach
  • No bad taste or smell
  • Small, easy-to-swallow capsules
  • Noticeable energy improvement
  • Good absorption and quality

What We Don't Like

  • Safety seal occasionally missing
  • Slightly higher price

What Customers Say

"I was really impressed that these iron capsules didn’t bother my stomach at all, even when I took them without food. The capsules are small and easy to swallow, and I trust this brand for quality. I’ve experienced no digestion issues whatsoever."

"After taking these, I genuinely felt an increase in my energy levels and they were much easier on my stomach compared to other iron supplements I’ve tried. I’m very pleased and would definitely recommend them."

"These iron supplements have been a game-changer for my daughter. Her iron levels balanced out quickly and she stopped needing daily naps. I also liked that there was no unpleasant taste or smell."

Iron Supplements Comparison Table

#TOP 1 Amazon Elements Iron Supplement Capsules Cover

Amazon Elements Iron Supplement Capsules

#TOP 2 Thorne Iron Bisglycinate Capsules - 25mg Cover

Thorne Iron Bisglycinate Capsules - 25mg

#TOP 3 Nature’s Bounty Iron Supplement, 100 Tablets Cover

Nature’s Bounty Iron Supplement, 100 Tablets

#TOP 4 Slow Fe 45mg Iron Supplement - 60 Count Cover

Slow Fe 45mg Iron Supplement - 60 Count

#TOP 5 Geritol Liquid Vitamin and Iron Supplement Cover

Geritol Liquid Vitamin and Iron Supplement

#TOP 6 Vitron-C High Potency Iron Supplement Cover

Vitron-C High Potency Iron Supplement

#TOP 7 Thorne Ferrasorb - Blood-Building Formula - 60 Capsules Cover

Thorne Ferrasorb - Blood-Building Formula - 60 Capsules

#TOP 8 MegaFood Blood Builder Minis - Iron Supplement Vegan - 72 Tabs (36 Servings) Cover

MegaFood Blood Builder Minis - Iron Supplement Vegan - 72 Tabs (36 Servings)

#TOP 9 Floradix Iron & Herbs Vegetarian Liquid Supplement Cover

Floradix Iron & Herbs Vegetarian Liquid Supplement

#TOP 10 Pure Encapsulations Iron-C Supplement Cover

Pure Encapsulations Iron-C Supplement

Brand Amazon Elements THORNE Nature's Bounty Slow Fe Geritol Vitron-C THORNE MegaFood Floradix Pure Encapsulations
Item Form Capsule capsules Tablets Tablet Liquid Tablet Capsule Tablet Liquid Capsule
Primary Supplement Type Iron Iron Iron Iron Iron Helps body absorb dietary iron Easy on the stomach, less constipation Vitamin C Iron Iron Iron, Vitamin C
Unit Count 195 Count 60 Count 100 Count 60 Count 12 Fluid Ounces 60.00 Count 60 Count 72 Count 8.5 Fluid Ounces 60.00 Count
Flavor Unflavored Unflavored Unflavored Unflavored Unflavored Unflavored Unflavored Unflavored Natural Fruit Juices and Herbs Unflavored
FTB Score
9.8
9.7
9.5
9.5
9.3
9.1
9.1
9.0
8.9
8.8
Where to Buy

Decide Which Iron Supplements Are Best for You

Iron is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, including the transport of oxygen in the blood and the production of collagen. If you're not getting enough iron in your diet, you may be at risk of developing anemia, a condition characterized by low levels of red blood cells. To avoid this, some people may choose to take iron supplements. But with so many different options on the market, it can be difficult to know which one is right for you. Here are a few tips to help you choose the best iron supplement for your needs.

Consider the form of the supplement

Iron supplements are available in a variety of forms, including tablets, capsules, and liquid drops. The form you choose may depend on your personal preference, as well as any digestive issues you may have. For example, if you have difficulty swallowing pills, liquid drops may be a better option for you.

Pay attention to the type of iron

There are two main types of iron used in supplements: ferrous and ferric. Ferrous iron is more easily absorbed by the body, making it the more common choice in supplements. Ferric iron, on the other hand, is less easily absorbed and may cause constipation or other digestive issues. If you have trouble tolerating ferrous iron, you may want to try a supplement that contains ferric iron instead.

Check the dosage

Iron supplements come in different dosages, so it's important to choose one that is appropriate for your needs. The recommended daily allowance of iron for adult men is 8 milligrams per day, while for adult women it is 18 milligrams per day. However, if you're pregnant or breastfeeding, you may need more. It's always a good idea to talk to your doctor before starting any new supplement to make sure you're taking the right amount.

Be aware of potential side effects

Iron supplements can cause side effects, including nausea, stomach pain, and constipation. To avoid these, it's important to take the supplement with food and to start with a low dose, gradually increasing it over time. If you experience any adverse effects, stop taking the supplement and talk to your doctor.

Choose a reputable brand

When it comes to choosing a supplement, it's important to choose a reputable brand. Look for a brand that is transparent about its ingredients and manufacturing processes, and one that has a good track record with its customers. You can also check online reviews to see what other people have to say about the brand you're considering.

Talk to your doctor

Ultimately, the best person to help you choose the right iron supplement is your doctor. They can assess your individual needs and make a recommendation based on your medical history and other factors. So, if you're considering taking an iron supplement, make sure to talk to your doctor first.

In conclusion, choosing the right iron supplement can help you avoid the potential risks of iron deficiency, such as anemia. By considering the form, type, dosage, and potential side effects, as well as choosing a reputable brand and talking to your doctor, you can find the right supplement for your needs.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Is it OK to take an iron supplement every day?

Some doctors may recommend taking iron supplements daily, while others suggest taking them every other day for better absorption. It is important to discuss with your doctor, especially if you have iron deficiency anemia, to determine the appropriate dosage and ensure you are getting the necessary amount of iron.

2. What is the best form of iron to take?

Ferrous sulfate is considered the most easily absorbed form of iron. When choosing an iron supplement, it is also important to check the label for the amount of 'elemental iron,' which is the total amount of iron that your body can potentially absorb.

3. What is the downside of taking iron pills?

Taking iron pills can sometimes cause stomach cramps, nausea, and diarrhea in certain individuals. To minimize these side effects, it is recommended to take iron supplements with a small amount of food.

4. Is 65 mg of iron a day too much?

High doses of iron can be toxic. The upper limit of iron intake for adults and children aged 14 and up is 45 mg per day. For children under the age of 14, the recommended upper limit is 40 mg per day.

5. How can I boost my iron levels quickly?

To quickly boost your iron levels, you can include iron-rich foods in your diet such as red meat, pork, poultry, seafood, beans, dark green leafy vegetables (e.g., spinach), dried fruits (e.g., raisins and apricots), iron-fortified cereals, breads, and pastas, as well as peas.

6. What happens to your body when you start taking iron pills?

When you start taking iron pills, you may experience stomach problems like heartburn, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, and cramps. It is important to stay hydrated and consume fruits, vegetables, and fiber to help alleviate these symptoms. Additionally, iron pills can cause a change in the color of your stool, turning it greenish or grayish black, which is normal.

Editor's Notes

During our iron supplement research, we found 26 iron supplement products and shortlisted 10 quality products. We collected and analyzed 582,523 customer reviews through our big data system to write the iron supplements list. We found that most customers choose iron supplements with an average price of $17.57.

The iron supplements are available for purchase. We have researched hundreds of brands and picked the top brands of iron supplements, including THORNE, Nature's Bounty, Slow Fe, Geritol, Vitron-C. The seller of top 1 product has received honest feedback from 384 consumers with an average rating of 4.7.

Written by

Elisa Drew Avatar

Elisa Drew

Elisa Drew is a really professional copywriter specializing in baby products with five years of experience working as a pediatrician once. She has published a series of baby books purchased by over thirty thousand people in the United States.